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MagAO Commissioning Day 15: The Return of the Crow

Greetings MagAO blog followers! Tonight, I’m giving Jared and Katie a well-deserved night off from the blogosphere. Don’t worry – they’re still hard at work on the system, and continuing to collect pithy quotes and hilarious anecdotes for your entertainment.

I’ll start with a recap of yesterday, since I neglected to send the “good pictures” to Jared before he posted the blog entry. As you may recall, we had the first real starlight pass through our system last night! Here are a couple of pictures of the action.

Even though they look disappointed, those are actually triumphant smirks on the faces of MagAO PI Laird and AO guru Alfio.
Jared contemplating real starlight on his VisAO camera
First light night at Clay. Thanks Yuri for the awesome picture!
This one is actually from several days ago. Shh.

After we successfully closed the loop on-sky and the day crew left for some much needed rest, the night crew continued to push the system. As we ramped up to 50 modes, we were thwarted repeatedly by a ring of actuators where very high forces were building up and breaking our control loop. While we were mulling on that, we managed to do some important science calibrations. Specifically, we figured out which way was up.  No really.

With all of the rotations and reflections of a complex optical system, “up” is non-trivial, so you have to do some testing to figure out how north, south, east and west on the sky map to your camera output. We also figured out the “plate scale” of our instruments, which just means that we looked at a binary star system of known separation and calculated how big each pixel on our detectors is when it’s mapped onto the sky. We will have to do this more precisely in a few days, but were relieved to get the answer we were expecting. No unit conversion errors here!

Before going to bed, we also took some on-sky science data for the science team to practice with. More on this later.

This is a bird. Jared made me take a picture of it because he believes that this is the culprit who has been pooping on the optics. I'm pretty sure that this is just a random bird, but I indulged him anyway. I insert it here to distract the reader from the long text of my blog entry, so that my advisor won't comment derisively on my liberal arts education tomorrow.

Today the day crew put the CRO back on the telescope to continue their calibration work. They quickly discovered that our actuator ring problem was due to the method used to “slave” the inner rings of unilluminated actuators. Now the system is running well at 400 modes without breaking, and the Italians have gone to bed to rest their brains in preparation for a ramp up to more modes tomorrow. The night crew is hard at work continuing their calibrations.

It’s not a MagAO blog post without a wildlife reference, so I should mention that on my hike up the mountain to the telescope this afternoon, I encountered Vizzy and a friend hanging out under the eaves of the ASB roof. Now, when I first came to Chile as an undergrad 10 years ago, I was told of these mythical creatures known as “vischachas” that were part kangaroo, part bunny, part squirrel. Memories of my dad having me look for jackelopes on ski lifts when I was a kid left me (appropriately) skeptical, so I was surprised to come face-to-face with two real live vischachas today. I watched them for several minutes to make sure that they were not stuffed and part of an elaborate prank. I have yet to see them hop like a kangaroo, so stay tuned for future investigations into the vischacha phenomenon. In the meantime, I hope that the following picture is more convincing than your typical sighting of Nessy or Big Foot.

I snuck up on Vizzy from the backside of the ASB and waited until I saw him move his whiskers.
Katie, Alan, Phil, Jared and Ya-Lin posing with the moon on the Magellan balcony.
Clay and Baade at sunset. I don't have a wide angle lens, so this is the best I could do to give you the whole picture.

Now on to my alterior motive for posting today. I’d like to take this opportunity to answer the question, put to me directly by both my husband and my father after reading the blog, “So… it sounds like things are going great over there…. but why are YOU there again?”

It’s a fair question. What ARE all the rest of us doing? You’ll find evidence of our existence in the footnotes  of previous blog posts  (“so and so arrived today”) and in the backgrounds of pictures, but what are we actually doing?

No we weren’t eaten by Cart-Zilla before we could get any real work done! No, we’re not twiddling our thumbs, sleeping all day, watching movies, or leaving our husbands to fend for themselves for weeks on end for no good reason at all.  We’re here for science.

I asked the newest member of the MagAO team to demonstrate:

Ya-Lin doing SCIENCE!

 

There are a lot of practical problems to be solved before we start collecting science data, and that’s what the rest of us have been working on. We’re making sure that all of the file information that we need is written correctly and automatically when we take data, that we know how to tell the telescope where to point, that we have lots of options for good scientifically-interesting things to point at, that we understand how our instruments are performing and, perhaps most importantly, that we know how to process the data coming out of the system so that we can actually do science when the time comes. For example, a typical VisAO data set might contain 10,000 images. Processing such a large number of images at once requires some careful planning, so we’ve been busy testing different methods to try and speed up the process. So that’s what the rest of us quiet M-star types are doing here while the O and B engineering superstars are burning brightly on the blog.

Warning: I’m about to get deep here. Perhaps it will even make you forget my corny spectral type joke.

In conclusion, I’d like to take a moment to appreciate the complex mechanical, software and optical engineering that goes into a system like MagAO.  Even after being involved in this project for 4 years, I’m not sure that I fully appreciated the complexity until I got here. The MagAO system has to control many components to micron precision all while the telescope is tracking, the mirror is deforming, and control programs are running on four or more separate computers. All of these pieces have to speak coherently to one another, and do so seamlessly so that we observers can do our science.  Everyone knows that science is sexy, but as I’m discovering, engineering can be sexy too!

Therefore, I leave you to contemplate Cart-Zilla, an engineering marvel.

Laird describes this contraption as the result of "Engineers Gone Wild". Presumably there was less toplessness involved than in other iterations of the "Gone Wild" franchise.

 

MagAO Commissioning Day 14: Closed Loop First Light!!!!!!!!!!

After 13 straight days of nearly perfect cloudless photometric conditions, we woke up to this today.

The first clouds of our run.

So, of course, we decided to go on sky for the first time.

Earlier I caught the grown ups attempting to run the system by themselves. That's Simone Esposito actually operating a Pyramid Wavefront Sensor, and Laird Close taking data with the world's virst diffraction limited visible imager on a large telescope. Phil Hinz offers encouragement and advice. I'm pretty sure this was when tonight's plan was hatched.

We haven’t completed all of our internal calibrations, but going on sky will let us see if they are valid so that we can complete them with confidence. Furthermore, there are many other things we can learn by looking at a real star, with a moving-pointing-guiding telescope. To do this, we had to pull off our calibration return optic (CRO), a.k.a. The Crow. We decided that tonight was the night at about 4pm. The LCO crew responded – Juan, Mauricio, and Pato sprang into action to help us pull the CRO and get the telescope ready. So by dinner, all we needed was a sunset.

After a quick chicken dinner, we just went up and closed the loop.

The complete MagAO system under an evening LCO sky.

Ok. It was harder than that.

The PI ponders the possibilities. All of them.
Alfio closes the MagAO loop for the first time on-sky.
On-sky closed-loop pyramid pupils. The bottom plots show ASM status.
Jared with VisAO's first light.
First light (at Magellan) PSF for Clio2.
Later we looked at a binary. This let us verify that our rotations and platescales are about right.

Thanks to everybody who helped make this happen. We’re just getting started, and there’s lots more to come. Stay tuned!

Some quotes from today:

Laird: “We didn’t come here to get Lucky. We came here to be good.”

Povilas: “We have a situation here, where you’re arguing both sides.”
Simone: “Yes. I’m trying to sound wise.”

Laird: “There had better not be any frisbee tonight.”

Katie: “We’ll never run out of cookies.” (seriously, there are a lot of cookies up here)

Up and down the mountain

Before we tell you our big results for the night… let’s look at some happenings up and down the mountain!

Here are Enrico and Alfio waiting for a ride up to the telescope:

15 second exposure, after the Sun fully set, just illuminated by the full Moon. Beautiful shot, Enrico!!! (Click for high res)

Armando departed on Saturday, and now Derek and Marco have also gone down the mountain.

Enrico and Simone check up on Marco via Skype.

Derek saw a horse on his way down the mountain.  We’ve seen them before on this blog!

Derek saw this horse on his way down the mountain.

Coming up … REAL on-sky results!!!

MagAO Commissioning Day 13: Closed loop – 400 modes at 1000 Hz

We passed a big milestone today with the ASM working in closed loop with 400 modes at 1 kHz (the most complex AO mode)!  This 400 mode interaction matrix has been made possible by the excellent trouble shooting from our friends at Arcetri Observatory, Simone, Enrico, Alfio, Armando and Marco!

It was such an exciting event that Alan Uomoto made a movie:

How did this happen?  Well, yesterday the AO loop was struggling to close on the bumps we were referring to as Viscachas:

The Viscacha is a bump causing a dark spot in the Pyramid pupils at around 2:30 o'clock.

When the loop tried to close on this, we would get a higher and higher unstable patch of actuators trying to correct it:

Here is the ASM display after closing the loop yesterday on 200 modes at 600 Hz. You can see the commands on the bad patch at ~2:30 o'clock; the mirror is working hard to correct something there, but we didn't know what.

So Simone and Enrico figured out that we were actually getting cross-talk from the Pyramid, because the phase bump was so high.  This is similar to a quad-cell Shack-Hartmann without a guard band, where a subpupil may wander into an adjacent subaperture.  Here is Simone’s drawing where he works out the solution:

Simone's drawing to solve the problem of the viscacha

So the solution is kinda a hack, whereby we applied a negative sign to the interaction matrix for that patch — and the bump and the viscacha disappeared!

Evolution of the Viscacha -- Final rendition, all corrected!

And so tonight we were able to close the loop with our new interaction matrix, and get a nice flat wavefront!

Result: Closed loop, flat wavefront, no viscacha!

New arrivals today: T.J. Rodigas (Steward) and Runa Briguglio (Arcetri).

MagAO Commissioning Day 12: Viscachas Everywhere

Sorry for the tardiness of this post. The internet was down on the mountain when the night shift went to bed this morning. The day was a struggle, but we finally got at least something working, and then did some testing through the night.

The issue was a feature in our pupil which Simone has dubbed the Viscacha.

Our Pyramid pupils from this afternoon, with a Viscacha head clearly visble.

We tried several things. One quick and dirty modification was to remove the field stop for the Pyramid. Simone and Enrico climbed into the NAS to do this – after first convincing Laird that this was a good idea.

Simone and Enrico perform minor surgery on the NAS.

The day shift ended with a somewhat working 200 mode interaction matrix. So the night shift did some closed loop testing.

Katie at the AO operator's workstation.

Things are hopeful. With only 200 modes we have a fairly high Strehl ratio PSF. The problem is keeping it stable. These two videos, taken with the VisAO CCD 47 at 32 fps, show this.

Youtube noted that my image was shaky, and asked if I wanted to fix it. F*&!$^ you Google. Here’s the same data set, but keeping only the best 5% of the images (Lucky imaging style).

After breakfast Laird reduced this data by “shifting and adding”. Here’s what our images will look like soon:

Our SAA z' PSF with a Vischacha contaminated 200 mode IMAT.

To try to control the vibrations that even Google noticed we put the Clio rack on some foam pads. This improved the power spectrum, at least removing the ~2 Hz spike.

The CCD 47 spot x position power spectrum after putting Clio2 electronics on some foam to isolate the pump.

Quotes:

Simone: “Laird, take a seat. You want to take your seat. I think we need to remove the Pyramid . . . field stop.”

Tyson: “Why don’t you just say you’re a carnivore plus vegetables and cheese.”

Laird: “I thought you were trying to take the frisbee away.” (To Phil, after realizing that Phil was playing frisbee with grad students and the post-doc.)
Phil: “I was just trying to help them meet their 100 hours for the week.”

Simone, on the viscahcha in the PWFS pupil images:
“The viscacha again!”
“There is a clear viscacha.”
“It is not a dynamic viscacha, it is a static viscacha.”

Laird: “It looks like a viscacha that’s been run over by a car.”
Simone: “Yes, but it’s still a viscacha!”

Laird: “I’d really like a headless, tail-less viscacha.”

"Wild" viscachas from the backside of the telescopes. Wild as opposed to the "tame" viscachas who live in the ASB.
A group shot of the first wave of the MagAO team. Armando left us this morning, so yesterday we gathered the team for a group shot. We'll repeat these as people come and go. From the left, front row: Marco Xompero, Alan Uomoto, Laird Close, Katie Morzinski. Back row: Armando Riccardi, Enrico Pinna, Alfio Puglisi, Simone Esposito, Jared Males, Tyson Hare, Phil Hinz. (Not pictured: Derek Kopon)
Ya-Lin and Kate joined us today. Time to get to work.
Phil, Laird, Ya-Lin, and Kate wait for the green flash.