MagAO-X 2025A Day 13: Stick with it

I have an unfortunate secret to reveal: we have been operating MagAO-X in 2024B mode this whole time.

When the team first arrived, a wizened mystic emerged from the Room Behind the Kitchens and croaked out a prophecy:

Hasta que enstiques el instrumento tendras visión astronómica de baja calidad.

Unfortunately, nobody in the advance guard understood Spanish. Indeed, it was only in the post-mortem retrospective of this operational anomaly that the prophecy was even mentioned.

With the aid of hypnosis-based memory retrieval techniques and a team of Spanish-to-English translators, we were able to decipher the above as:

Until you ensticken the instrument, you will have poor quality seeing

This is a curse most dire to wish upon an astronomer, as it means their starlight will go every which way (instead of down into the pixels where it belongs). Fortunately, the mystic provided the remedy as well: ensticken the instrument.

The ritual had been delayed out of deference to our patch designer, Dr. Logan Pearce of the University of Michigan, who was not present for our first on-sky nights. Indeed, it was only performed today, on her—and my—last night on the mountain.

Logan Pearce, Emi Reith, and yours truly (Joseph Long)

At sunset, we ascended to the East platform and watched Logan ensticken.

The results speak for themselves:

Finally, some good ••••ing conditions

Yesterday, we were bumping up against the high-wind-shutdown speed limit until sunrise. We were looking at the wind speed graph saying “wow, that escalated quickly!” Today, the atmosphere has been much better-behaved.

We used the time to revisit some old favorites for Alycia and Sebastiaan. Alycia has already left, so Logan was pinch-hitting this evening. To image debris disks, reference star data is more useful than getting more sky rotation. Unfortunately, getting contemporaneous reference star data is impossible with an extreme AO instrument: you can’t lock on two stars at once.

This means a lot of switching back and forth to collect data on both the target and reference (i.e. star-hopping). Loud cheering erupted from the control room when they got the target-switching overhead under two minutes. This means our operators are top notch, naturally, but also that Alycia chose really good reference stars.

Note how the gaps in the top row get smaller and smaller.

The latter part of the night was devoted to VIS-Xing. By dispersing the light in each spaxel (spectral pixel), VIS-X enables spectral differential imaging with many samples in wavelength space. On the other hand, when we perform SDI with MagAO-X’s main science cameras, we have only two different wavelengths to work with. Looking forward to seeing what Sebastiaan pulls out of this dataset! (PDS 70 d? …e?)

This afternoon, telescope operator Jorge Araya kindly showed us the Baade 6.5-meter telescope mirror. (“It’s a lot like the other one.” — Jorge)

Logan, Emi, and Josh taking a different kind of mirror selfie.

I’ve seen it before, but somehow this never gets old.

I’m headed out this afternoon for another fun day or two of sitting in airports and airplanes as I head back to New York. The science continues without me, with seven more whole nights of MagAO-X-ing to go. I’m sure I’ll be kept in the loop, though—by daily blog posts, if nothing else. ¡Hasta pronto!

Yes, Eden. It’s my mirror selfie. You’re welcome.

Frivolity interlude

The P.I.’s imagination was recently captured by the idea of walk-up music for AO operators. After I added Maggie-O-X to the instrument, it gained the ability to speak on command. It’s a small jump from that to playing arbitrary audio clips.

As of today, when the operator and observer are selected in the MagAO-X web interface, the appropriate walk-up song will play in the control room.

(Note 1: while the clips approved for control room use are G-rated, the full songs are not necessarily “Song of the Day” material. Note 2: Some songs were chosen, others assigned.)

In an effort to motivate deeper understanding of the instrument software, the P.I. has declared that future walk-up song additions must be done and deployed by the party concerned. Godspeed, git users.

Song of the Day

Honestly, this was already Day of the Songs, but what’s one more between friends?

“Stop This Flame” by Celeste

MagAO-X 2025A Day 9: A clear sky is not enough

We haven’t seen a cloud yet on this run, but that doesn’t mean we’re sitting pretty. MagAO-X is highly optimized for highly optimal conditions, and these ain’t that. Don’t take it from me, take it from the conditions plot:

After a promising start, everything went to heck. I’d love to tell you about the stuff we observed, but the results are embargoed. (By poor seeing, mostly.)

We did use the ultra-secret ghost-busted g band filter (seen previously here). It’s been a huge hit, and Jay’s already shared early reductions of the HR 4796A debris disk in 500-ish nm light (see Parker’s post).

People love the g’ band filter, Jared. All the science on this run came from that little filter on a stick!

Prof. Laird Close, Ph.D.

In other news, we got a special delivery today: Dr. Logan Pearce, and her student Emi Reith from the University of Michigan. Here they are aboard the Plane Train™:

Here they are, 13 hours later, after entering Chile:

Meanwhile, back on the plain trane, trouble’s a-comin’:

That’s right, we’re expecting a shipment of Josh, Katie, and Eden in the near future. When, exactly? Well, there’s the unprecedented global situation, the vagaries of air travel, possible tariffs on Josh… This is a very complicated case. You know, a lotta ins, a lotta outs, a lotta what-have-yous. And, uh, a lotta strands to keep in my head, man.

Movie of the Night

Today’s movie quote was from The Big Lebowski. Alas, it’s the only quote from there I could come up with without excessive swearing. This is what happens when you when you find a stranger in the Alps!

Song of the Day

Life is like spaghetti
It’s hard until you make it
No stresso, no stresso
It’s gonna be espresso!

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5MS_Fczs_98
Tommy Cash – “Espresso Macchiato”

Finally, some authentic Italian Estonian culture for our friend Elena Tonucci.

Noteworthy Utterances of the Moment

“Laird, do you have an opinion on—”
Laird: “The answer is almost certainly yes”

“What is the point of burros, anyway? Like a bunch of little trucks left to roam the landscape”

“You can eat almost everything”
“Well, some things you can only eat once

“What would be the easiest way to add that?”
“Get someone else to do it.”

“Maybe we could get Jared to blog?”
Jared: “Probably not.”

MagAO-X 2025A Day 3: Move on up

Before we shut MagAO-X down to prepare it for the summit, we had some last-minute tests to do. Over breakfast, Laird and Jared kept talking about “doing the green laser”, which I assumed was some kind of dance move and/or illicit drug. It turns out they actually wanted to send a green laser through the instrument to identify which optical surface was killing green light throughput, which is also cool, I guess.

Our first green pupil! (Photo: Laird Close)

This run will also involve commissioning a new polarimetry mode, thanks to our Brazilian colleagues. Here’s some colorful cubes inside our instrument, one of which splits polarized light.

The new polarizing beam splitter atop our existing cubes (Photo: Laird Close)

As you know, MagAO-X is famous for its detailed procedures, always followed to the letter. Today’s procedure is called “Installing MagAO-X on the Telescope”, the title of which may fool you into thinking we installed MagAO-X on the telescope.

While we always follow our procedures to the letter, we also change them all the time. Today we enjoyed what in the biz is called a “process improvement”. By splitting the installation over two days (just like last time), we add a bit of slack into the schedule and prevent premature derangement of students and Ph.D.s alike.

Today we de-cabled, wrapped, and moved half of MagAO-X.

Foil wrapping MagAO-X (Photo: Jay Kueny)
It’s time to try defying gravity” (Photo: Sebastiaan Haffert)
Small but mighty (Photo: Jay Kueny)

The Isuzu flat-bed truck featured in many of our procedure documents is, alas, no more. I think it’s been set free to roam the Pan-American highway for the rest of its days. Fortunately the new(-ish) Hyundai Mighty rose to the occasion.

That means we’ll start tomorrow with the optical table already staged at the summit. There’s still plenty left to do tomorrow (starting with section 6.3.6 of the handbook), but we’ll be better-rested and make fewer mistakes.

Not that we ever make those.

This means we had an evening “off”. (The final evening off for several weeks, for some of us.) We had to make the most of it.

Nature

“Note Baade in mirror and GMT site in distance… Gary and I worked hard on that shot” — Laird Close, guanaco photographer
Relaxed viscacha enjoying unstructured time on his observing run (Photo: Elena Tonucci)
Vizzy silhouette (Photo: Parker Johnson)

The most unexpected wildlife of all was a spotting of Felis catus.

Come here psspsspss (Photo: Elena Tonucci)

Billiards

A few of us were not ready to turn in after sunset, and went in search of other amusements.

Even when given no tasks, the physicists find a way to do physics… for fun.

How disgusting.

Blog Rules Compliance Certification

I only see movies because my friends drag me to them. One exception is airplanes, where I’m forced by circumstance to do nothing for an extended period. There’s also nobody around to incredulously yell “You’ve never seen Alien?!” which is a definite plus.

On the flight to Santiago, I watched Wicked (Part I). It sure was… something. Kind of an odd addition to Jon M. Chu’s directorial oeuvre; I’d rather have Everything Everywhere All At Once (2022) or Crazy Rich Asians (2018).

Anyway, where’s part two of that, Jon? We’re all waiting.

Song of the Day

Bet you thought it was going to be from Wicked, but no! It’s an anime opening theme.

Wait, where are you going? Come back!

It’s really good, I promise! It’s critically acclaimed!!

“Tank!” by SEATBELTS from the Cowboy Bebop soundtrack

I frequently find myself running low on energy transiting Santiago’s airport, but the last two times I’ve been saved by Yoko Kanno’s soundtrack to the award-winning show Cowboy Bebop. 10/10.

MagAO-X 2024B Bonus Blog: Once more with penguins

It’s been a long-time dream of mine to see wild penguins. I have previously been thwarted by scheduling conflicts, pandemics, and the simple preference for being home after a month away rather than prolonging my travel further… but enough is enough. Once Maggie and Katie managed it, I had to get my act together and actually plan an outing. Due to scheduling constraints, this required me to steal away in the dead of night.

It’s much easier to plan such an excursion from the Las Campanas Observatory El Pino office than from the observatory itself, so I went to bed early, got up during the day, and rode down the mountain. El Pino lacks the food options of the lodge, but has an actual address you can give to people to come pick you up. The new rooms aren’t half bad, and they have a great view of La Serena… or they would, if someone had put a window in the southwest wall of Room #5.

It is generally understood that the main reason for us northern-hemisphere types to travel south of the equator is to see penguins in the wild. (The explorers of old also noticed the constellations look kinda funky down here, but they’re probably just upside down or something.) These graceful and intelligent animals are found all the way up to the equator, but no further. Different species of penguins have evolved to adapt to different climates, making them available in a variety of fun flavors. Most penguins are flightless, but this blog records one exception.

The Antarctic Emperor penguin is, sadly for us, not visiting the 29th parallel. However, the Humboldt penguin is perfectly happy noodling around at the same approximate latitude (29°15′31″ S) as our beloved Magellan Telescopes (29°00′54″S). Their longitude, of course, differs. (This results in the penguins computing a different local sidereal time for their telescopes.)

Maggie covered the logistical particulars of this excursion well enough, so I won’t reiterate them here. The gist of it is:

  1. Take car from La Serena to boat.
  2. Take boat to penguin preserve.
  3. Take photographs.
  4. Provoke jealousy (optional).

So, without further ado, pingüinos:

I lack a telephoto lens so there was a bit of optical alignment required between my phone camera and binoculars for most of these photos. Note that the penguins are very small because they are far away and also because they’re very small.

There were also some other goofy dudes.

And on the way back, a family of dolphins came to play by the boat!

After returning to shore we also stopped at a spot exhibiting tour group—Andean fox symbiosis. They trotted right up when we pulled over, expecting treats.

Note that we did not feed this fox. Mind you, someone‘s been feeding them.

One benefit of spending two nights down in La Serena was that I could restock our observing snack supply. The Magellan Clay break room has been kept well stocked with biscuits and The People’s Cheese, but one eventually craves variety.

Visiting grocery stores is one of my favorite things to do any time I’m in a foreign country. I believe you can learn a lot about a place by what people snack on. However, some things provoked more questions than answers.

Why is Sahne-Nuss the only candy in anti-theft packaging? What are Costco brand nuts (labeled in English) doing here? What kind of flavor is “cola de mono”?

Ponder these questions as you enjoy the…

Song of the Day

I hereby declare bonus blogs exempt from the per-run blog rules, being as they exist outside the blog-time continuum. Also, I don’t think I can incorporate any lyrics from this song in the post.

BUMP OF CHICKEN「天体観測」

(天体観測 (tentai kansoku) does translate as “astronomical observation”, though.)

MagAO-X 2024B Day 9: In the groove

We had an all-Laird, all- night. With everything working so well, the most exciting thing going on instrument-wise was the initial setup, which I was able to get in on.

From our control workstation, I dutifully applied the “F-test” (which displays the letter “R”, for reasons lost to history), applied the “J-test” (works as advertised), performed the 253-click process to satisfy the prerequisites for the automated alignment loop, and then performed the other remaining steps when the automated alignment loop ran away. (“Apparently it’s shy and only works when it’s just me and the instrument” — Jared)

Then, we went to look at a star, and instead found two!

Visible near α Eri at almost 12 o’clock, the companion (star, not planet) lies at about 0.25″ separation. Without an adaptive optics system and a decent-sized telescope, you’d have a hard time seeing it at all. With the AO correction, we get diffraction rings around the stars in the scene. That means we can’t get any sharper—or resolve any more details—without a bigger telescope.

Speaking of binaries, we also imaged Mira (ο Ceti), a red giant star with a companion star.

Hmm, one star has a nice core and diffraction ring, but Mira (in the center) does not look as sharp. Why does the scene look so different from the first binary? Baby, don’t you go over-analyze. No need to theorize; I can put your doubts to rest.

Mira is 400x size of the sun but approximately the same mass. So, a big puffball. But the reason for the fuzzy image is not (just) that the star is a puffball. It has to be a nearby puffball for our system to resolve it. We can actually measure half a dozen pixels across the star, though our choice of filter and telescope means that’s only two “resolution elements”. (That’s just physics saying you can use as many pixels as you like but you ain’t getting any more information.)

I regret to inform you that on this night, there were no viscacha observations recorded. But worry not, gentle reader: many graduate students have gone on to have perfectly good careers using only archival viscacha data.

So, instead, I’ll share some computer stuff.

(Yeah, I know, I know. Just shut your eyes and scroll really fast to get to the song.)

It’s not entirely new this run, but I’ve been doing some shaking-out of the data pipeline feeding our dashboards (among other things). This is what a “normal” night looks like: most of the time we’re open, we’re saving data (that’s the “observing” row on the Observations chart). Since it’s a Laird night, it’s all Hα imaging, and everything’s colored red for our filters and beamsplitters.

Before an astronomer takes exception to me calling this a “normal” night when the seeing was hovering around 0.75 arcseconds, I should clarify that ≤0.5″ nights are the only ones worth seeing, the only place worth being.

Song of the Day

“Cold Cold Man” by Saint Motel

Bonus Literary Interlude

—No multipliques los misterios —le dijo—. Estos deben ser simples.
Recuerda la carta robada de Poe, recuerda el cuarto cerrado de Zangwill.

—O complejos —replicó Dunraven—.
Recuerda el universo.

“Abenjacán el Bojarí, muerto en su laberinto” by Jorge Luis Borges (1949)

In English:

“Don’t go on multiplying the mysteries,” he said. “They
should be kept simple. Bear in mind Poe’s purloined letter,
bear in mind Zangwill’s locked room.”

“Or made complex,” replied Dunraven. “Bear in mind
the universe.”

“Ibn Hakkan al-Bokhari, Dead in His Labyrinth” by Jorge Luis Borges (1949)